Sicily. Syracuse. Hieron II 275-215 BC.
Bronze Æ

28 mm, 18,04 g

Diademed head of Hieron to left / Armoured cavalryman on horseback to right, holding spear; A below, IEPΩNOΣ in exergue.

Extremely Fine

HGC 2, 1548.

Hieron II was a prominent figure in ancient Sicily, particularly known for his long and stable reign as the king of Syracuse from approximately 275 BC until his death in 215 BC. His rule is often noted for its relative peace, prosperity, and the strategic political maneuvers that allowed Syracuse to remain independent during a tumultuous period of Mediterranean history. Hieron II initially rose to power through his military prowess, particularly during the wars against the Mamertines, a group of mercenaries who had seized control of the city of Messana. After successfully defeating them and securing Syracuse, Hieron was elected as the city’s general, and later, around 270 BC, he was proclaimed king. One of Hieron’s most significant achievements was his alliance with Rome during the First Punic War (264-241 BC). Recognizing the growing power of Rome and the potential threat from Carthage, Hieron wisely aligned Syracuse with Rome, ensuring his kingdom’s security. This alliance proved beneficial, as it allowed Syracuse to maintain its autonomy while gaining the protection of the burgeoning Roman Republic. Hieron II was also known for his contributions to the infrastructure and culture of Syracuse. He invested in building projects, including fortifications and temples, and supported the arts and sciences. The mathematician and engineer Archimedes, who is famous for his work on geometry, physics, and military engineering, was said to be in the service of Hieron II, providing further testament to the intellectual environment of Syracuse during Hieron's reign. His long rule, characterized by careful diplomacy and a focus on internal stability, ended with his death in 215 BC. Unfortunately, after his passing, Syracuse struggled to maintain the same level of stability and eventually fell to Rome in the Second Punic War.